The SeerahTreaty

The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyya

صلح الحديبية

Setting out for umrah, the Muslims pledged under the tree and made a ten-year truce with Quraysh.

When: Dhu al-Qa'da, 6 AH
Date: The sources agree on the date.
Where: Al-Hudaybiyah

The event

After a dream in which he entered al-Masjid al-Haram, the Prophet ﷺ set out for umrah with about 1,400 Companions. Quraysh barred the way, and when a rumour spread that 'Uthman had been killed in Makkah, the Companions pledged under a tree not to flee; the Quran says Allah was pleased with them (48:18).

The treaty set a ten-year truce, umrah the following year, and that other tribes could join either side. On the way back Surah al-Fath was revealed, calling it a clear victory (48:1).

Evidence

QuranAl-Fath (The Victory)Quran 48:18

۞ لَّقَدْ رَضِىَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَـٰبَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ١٨

Certainly was Allāh pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muḥammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquility upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest[1514]

Translator's notes

[1514] That of Khaybar, which preceded the conquest of Makkah.

Saheeh International · QuranEnc v1.1.2

Another translation: Al-Hilali & Muhsin Khan · QuranEnc v1.1.2

18. Indeed, Allâh was pleased with the believers when they gave the Bai‘ah (pledge) to you (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) under the tree: He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down As-Sakînah (calmness and tranquillity) upon them, and He rewarded them with a near victory.

Read in context on Quran.com

Scholarly opinionThe Treaty of al-Hudaybiyya: lessons (islamweb)islamweb.net

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